As we have seen in the last section, the inward gravitational pull of the material is balanced by the outward radiation pressure to make a star stable. However, when the nuclear fuel inside the star is depleted the inward gravitational pull takes over and the star comes to a collapse state.
The star collapses, and a stage is reached where the electrons balances the inward gravitational pull. According to Pauli’s exclusion principle no two fermions can be in the same quantum mechanical state. The collapse enforces these electrons (fermions) to follow Pauli’s exclusion principle. Now, at this stage the electrons become degenerate. These degenerate electrons maintain equilibrium with the gravitational inward pull. Such stars are called as white dwarfs.
The size of white dwarf is around the size of Earth. The density of a white dwarf star is around 109 kg/m3 a million times denser than water. The temperature of a white dwarf is around 30,000K.
Above Fig shows a structure of a white dwarf (Image credit: cse.ssl.berkeley.edu)
Last Updated on Sunday, 10 March 2013 03:20
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NASA's Fourth Annual Lunabotics Mining Competition - May, 2013
Sunday, 09 December 2012 07:21
NASA's Fourth Annual Lunabotics Mining Competition May 20-24, 2013 Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex Kennedy Space Center, Florida
NASA's Fourth Annual Lunabotics Mining Competition is a university-level competition designed to engage and retain students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). NASA will directly benefit from the competition by encouraging the development of innovative lunar excavation concepts from universities which may result in clever ideas and solutions which could be applied to an actual lunar excavation device or payload. The challenge is for students to design and build an excavator, called a Lunabot, that can mine and deposit a minimum of 10 kilograms of lunar simulant within 10 minutes. The complexities of the challenge include the abrasive characteristics of the BP-1, the weight and size limitations of the Lunabot, and the ability to telerobotically or autonomously control the Lunabot from a remote mission control center. This year the scoring for the mining category will not be based primarily on the amount of material excavated in the allowed time but instead will require teams to consider a number of design and operation factors such as dust tolerance and projection, communications, vehicle mass, energy/power required, and full autonomy. 50 teams have registered from all over the world to compete this year for the coveted grand prize, the Joe Kosmo Award for Excellence. Check out the NASA EDGE Show from the 2012 Lunabotics Mining Competition. Click here to download the show.
Last Updated on Sunday, 09 December 2012 07:38
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5 Steps that ISRO has to take to Popularize Space Science among Students in India
Sunday, 05 May 2013 06:38
Winner of the competition titled "5 Steps that ISRO has to take to Popularize Space Science among Students in India"
Winner Details Name Kamil Naqvi Age 20 Qualification B.Tech.(Aeronautical Engg.)3rd year College Nam: Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management
"5 Steps that ISRO has to take to Popularize Space Science among Students in India".
1) Human flight in Space
This is very interesting thing for all the student, peoples to fly in the space and enjoy the zero gravity, its rise interest among the peoples because when the peoples fell the space itself lot of interest arises, and they show our interest in the field of space science. Through which a relation occur between the space and human. Isro has to make a project for undertaking human space flight to carry human beings to low earth orbit and ensure their safe return has been made by the department. project activities to study technical and managerial issues related to undertaking manned mission with an aim to build and demonstrate the country’s capability.
First successful human spacecraft was VOSTOK 1(“East1”) carrying 27 year old Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on 12 April 1961.The space craft completed one orbit around the globe, lasting about 1 hour and 48 minutes. The U.S first launched a person into space within a month of VOSTOK 1 With Alan Shepard sub-orbit flight in Mercury red stone 3.orbital flight was achieved by United States when John Glenn Mercury .Atlas 6 orbited the earth on 20 Feb. 1962. Valentine Tereshkova the first women in space in space, Vostok 6 on 16 June 1963.china first launched a person into space with the flight of yang liewei abroad the shenzwa 5. It opened an entirely new era in space exploration human space flight.
The 2013 International Earth and Sky Photo Contest
Saturday, 30 March 2013 05:21
The 2013 International Earth and Sky Photo Contest Submission time ends on 2013 April 22
"The Global Astronomy Month in April 2013 brings the 4th International Earth and Sky Photo Contest on Dark Skies Importance. Coordinated by TWAN the contest is open to anyone of any age, anywhere around the world."
From now through Earth Day, April 22, an on-line “Earth and Sky” photo contest is open for submission by any photography enthusiasts of any age from around the world. International projects The World at Night and Global Astronomy Month along with the National Optical Astronomy Observatory are the organizers of the Earth and Sky Photo Contest. The contest was founded by TWAN and Dark Skies Awareness project in 2008 as a regional program. It was expanded to an international effort in 2009 during the International Year of Astronomy. In 2012 participants from about 50 countries submitted a wonderful collection of nightscape images. The contest news was broadcasted by major science news media world-wide and the winning images were widely promoted. With the growing efforts of Astronomers Without Borders (AWB), the organization behind the Global Astronomy Month, the Earth and Sky Photo Contest will have an even larger feedback this year.
Submitted photographs must be created in the "TWAN style" -- showing both the Earth and the sky -- by combining elements of the night sky (e.g., stars, planets, the Moon or celestial events) in the backdrop of a beautiful, historic, or notable location or landmark. This style of photography is called “landscape astrophotography''. This is similar to general "Nightscape Photography" but with more attention to the sky, astronomical perspectives, and celestial phenomena.
Last Updated on Saturday, 30 March 2013 05:30
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Google Sceince Fair - April 30th, 2013
Sunday, 17 March 2013 02:49
Do you have any crazy idea that could change the world ? "Google Science Fair - 2013" Last Day of Submission: April 30th, 2013 Eligibility: Open to students ages 13-18 from around the globe
Video on Google science fair - 2013
If yes then Google science fair is the right platform for you. The Google Science Fair is an online science competition open to students ages 13-18 from around the globe. We're looking for ideas that will change the world.
"For the past two years, thousands of students from more than 90 countries have submitted research projects that address some of the most challenging problems we face today," Sam Peter, a member of the Google Science Fair Team, wrote in a blog post.
Last year's winners presented projects that dealt with the early diagnosis of breast cancer, improving the music-listening experience for people with hearing loss, and documenting the ecosystem found in water.
Last Updated on Sunday, 17 March 2013 03:27
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Book review - The Rocket Company
Saturday, 20 April 2013 19:19
"The Rocket Company" by Patrick J. G. Stiennon & David M. Hoerr Illustrated by Doug Birkholz (Free e-book for our readers on April 30th 2013, one day promotional offer only, see below for the download link)
This is one of the highly recommended book for anyone planning to venture into entrepreneurship in the field of space technology and science. This book has been recommend by people like Mr. Elan Musk, founder of SpaceX organization . Our experts will soon publish a review of this book as well. We highly recommend not to miss the opportunity to get free access to e-book that will be offered on April 30th, 2013 (one promotion only). Please make sure that you have an Amazon log-in for this purpose. The book has 29 black line illustration, and 4 color illustration in chapter 25.
Short summary about the book
This richly illustrated book is a fictionalized account of the challenges faced by a group of seven investors and their engineering team in developing a low-cost, reusable, Earth-to-orbit launch vehicle. The marketing, regulatory and technical problems are explored, making it an excellent and readable introduction to the technical aspects and challenges facing today's designers, entrepreneurs, regulators, legislators, and investors. The business model presented includes numerous timely scenarios and ideas: Considering a reusable launch vehicle as a product, which has a different market and better cash flow, than the market for launch services using clever engineering to solve the problem of an economical reusable launch vehicle with existing technology. Greatly increasing the ?supply? of launch capacity, with a reusable vehicle that has low marginal costs per flight, is necessary to drive down the cost of launch to low Earth orbit using modifications of the same basic vehicle to gain access to the inner solar system at reasonable cost. The increased dedication by both private individuals and government institutions to solving the problem of low-cost, reusable launch vehicles makes this book necessary reading for all those involved in developing solutions. The Rocket Company provides a point of departure for building a consensus on how to take the process through to low cost access to orbit - and beyond.
Here are some comment from people recommending this book,
TechKriti By IIT Kanpur 14-17 March, 2013 Competition: "COSMOS"
Techkriti, is an annual inter collegiate technical and entrepreneurship festival of IIT Kanpur. This time Techkriti is scheduled to be h.....Read More >>
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